Plant classification
The coffee tree is an evergreen tree of the Rubiaceae family. Rubiaceae plants have been in the majority of plants with special medicinal properties since ancient times, such as the quinine tree, which is regarded as a special medicine for malaria, and Dugan, which is used to treat amoebic dysentery. And coffee is positioned as the most unique alkaloid drinking flora.
The fruit of coffee is formed by the outer skin, pulp, inner skin, silver skin, and the innermost seeds (coffee beans) wrapped by the above-mentioned layers. The seeds are located in the central part of the fruit, and the parts other than the seeds have little use-value. Generally, there are two pairs of seeds in the fruit, but occasionally there is only one seed in the fruit, which is called fruit beans. To express symmetry, we call the fruit with two pairs of seeds female beans. There are at least more than forty “species” of coffee plants, among which the more practical cultivars are three original species: plateau cultivation, lowland cultivation, and minimum cultivation.
Generally, after two to three years of sowing, the coffee tree can grow to a height of five to ten meters. However, to prevent the coffee beans from losing their aroma and taste, and to facilitate harvesting, farmers will often repair them to a height of 1.5 to 1.5 meters. About two meters. Three to five years after sowing, it will start to bear fruit. Twenty years after the fifth year are all harvest periods.
The evergreen leaves of the coffee tree are pointed at the tip, and the two are in groups opposite each other. The surface of the leaves is dark green, the back is light green, and the flowers are pure white. There are five stamens and one pistil in the flower. The petals are generally five petals, but some have six or even eight petals. The flowers will have a jasmine-like fragrance, but they will wither in about three or four days. The fruit is initially the same dark green as the leaf surface, and as it matures, it will turn yellow, then red, and finally dark red.
The annular area between the Tropic of Cancer, we call it Coffee Zone or Coffee Belt. Because the area is rich in fertile organic matter and volcanic ash soil, the average temperature is about 20 degrees, the average annual rainfall is between 1000 and 2000mm, and there is no large temperature difference during the year, so it becomes an ideal coffee production area. . Cultivation of coffee must be strictly protected from cold, hot and dry wind, and frost.
Taste classification
Sour Mocha, Hawaiian Sour Coffee, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica Highland, Gillimanjaro, Colombia, Zimbabwe, El Salvador, Western Hemisphere Washed Premium New Beans.
Bitter variety of old beans from Java, Mandheling, Bogota, Angola, Congo, Uganda.
Sweet Colombian Mertens, Venezuelan Old Beans, Blue Mountains, Gillimanjaro, Mocha, Guatemala, Mexico, Kenya, Sandoz, Haiti.
Neutral Brazil, El Salvador, Lowland Costa Rica, Venezuela, Honduras, Cuba.
Mellow Colombian Mertens, Mocha, Blue Mountains, Guatemala, Costa Rica.
Generally speaking, sour coffee beans, especially high-quality new beans, are best roasted lightly, while bitter coffee beans are roasted more deeply, and sweet coffee beans are mostly high-yield water-washed coffee beans. Bean selection, roasting often constitutes the key to whether it can be tasted after blending into the soft bitterness. Neutral flavors, even if they are not high-yield coffee beans, must be stabilized to stabilize the quality. A coffee bean with a fragrant and mellow effect.